Who were the first people to settle in the lower part of the Tigris-Euphrates Valley?

The Sumerians were the first people to settle in the lower part of the Tigris-Euphrates Valley, an area often referred to as Mesopotamia, which translates to "land between rivers." This region saw some of the earliest developments of human civilization, largely due to the fertile soil and access to water, which allowed for advanced agricultural practices to flourish.

The Sumerians are credited with establishing one of the world's first urban civilizations, creating cities such as Uruk, Ur, and Eridu. They developed a complex society with advancements in writing, law, and architecture, including the ziggurat, which served both religious and administrative purposes.

The other groups mentioned, such as the Babylonians, Akkadians, and Hittites, came later and either built upon Sumerian culture or interacted with it in various ways. For instance, the Akkadians eventually took control of Sumer and spread their influence, while the Babylonians are renowned for their contributions to law and literature, notably the Code of Hammurabi. The Hittites, on the other hand, were primarily known for their empire in Anatolia and their interactions with Mesopotamian civilizations, rather than direct settlement in the lower Tigr