Who was John Locke?

John Locke was an influential English philosopher best known for his contributions to social contract theory and political philosophy. His work laid the groundwork for modern democratic thought and significantly influenced the development of liberal political theory. Locke argued that individuals possess natural rights to life, liberty, and property, and that the legitimacy of government is based on the consent of the governed. This idea highlights the concept that individuals form governments through a social contract to protect their rights, and if a government fails to do so, citizens have the right to change it.

Locke's ideas were particularly impactful during the Enlightenment and inspired various democratic revolutions, including the American and French Revolutions. His emphasis on reason, individualism, and empiricism also played a vital role in shaping educational practices and philosophies.

The other choices, while mentioning historically significant figures, do not accurately capture Locke's primary role and impact in philosophical and political discourse.