Who is the Swedish botanist known for proposing the modern system of classifying plants and animals?

The correct choice is Linnaeus, who is renowned for developing the binomial nomenclature system, which is the formal naming process for species. This system allows for each organism to be classified with two names: the genus name and the species identifier, which provides a standardized way to reference different species across the scientific community. Linnaeus's classification laid the groundwork for modern taxonomy, which not only categorizes plants and animals but also helps in understanding their relationships and evolutionary history. This systematic approach has been fundamental in biology, influencing how living organisms are categorized and studied.