Which of the following planets are known as the Jovian planets?

The Jovian planets, also known as the gas giants, are characterized by their large sizes, thick atmospheres, and lack of a solid surface. The correct answer identifies Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune as the Jovian planets.

Jupiter and Saturn are the two largest planets in our solar system, primarily composed of hydrogen and helium. They have extensive systems of moons and rings. Uranus and Neptune, while smaller than Jupiter and Saturn, are also classified as gas giants due to their gaseous compositions and substantial atmospheres.

The other options contain terrestrial planets, which are solid and rocky in nature. For instance, Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars are known as terrestrial planets and do not share the same characteristics as the Jovian planets. The inclusion of those planets in the other choices disqualifies them from being classified as Jovian.

Thus, the grouping of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune aligns with the accepted astronomical classification of the Jovian planets.