What type of government structure was prominent among the Greeks and Romans?

The prominent government structure among the Greeks and Romans was democracy, especially in the context of ancient Athens, which is often hailed as the cradle of democratic governance. In this system, citizens had the opportunity to participate in decision-making processes, either directly or through elected representatives. Athenian democracy included institutions like the assembly, where free male citizens voted on laws and policies, highlighting the importance of civic engagement and deliberation in governance.

In ancient Rome, while the government evolved over time from a monarchy to a republic, elements of democratic practices were also present, particularly during the Republic period. The Roman Senate, along with popular assemblies, allowed for a form of representative governance where the senatorial elite also interacted with the broader citizenry.

The concept of democracy during these periods emphasized citizen participation, the rule of law, and civic responsibility, which had a significant influence on modern democratic systems. This focus on active political participation distinguishes democracy from other forms of governance like feudalism, monarchy, and theocracy.