What term is used to describe hard coal?

The term used to describe hard coal is anthracite. This type of coal is characterized by its carbon content, heat output, and minimal volatile matter compared to other types of coal. Anthracite has a high carbon concentration, typically around 86% to 97%, which allows it to burn cleaner and hotter than softer coals. This quality makes it particularly valued for residential and industrial heating.

In contrast, lignite, bituminous, and sub-bituminous coals have lower carbon content and higher levels of moisture and volatility. Lignite is often referred to as brown coal, bituminous is more widely used for electricity generation and steel production, and sub-bituminous falls somewhere between lignite and bituminous in terms of both carbon content and heating value. Each type has distinct characteristics and uses in energy production and various industries, but anthracite stands out for its hardness and efficiency as a fuel source.