What phenomenon is described as a disruption in the ocean atmosphere characterized by warmer than normal temperatures?

The phenomenon characterized by warmer than normal temperatures in the ocean atmosphere is indeed El Niño. El Niño occurs when there is a significant increase in sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean, which can lead to various changes in weather patterns globally. This warming impacts atmospheric circulation, causing disruptions such as altered rainfall patterns, droughts, or increased storm activity in different regions.

El Niño's effects can be observed in many parts of the world, influencing monsoons in Asia, hurricane activity in the Atlantic, and warmer winters in North America, among other climatic changes. It contrasts with La Niña, which is associated with cooler ocean temperatures and typically has opposite effects on global weather patterns. Understanding El Niño is essential for predicting and preparing for its extensive environmental impacts.