What is the process by which heat is transferred by the movement of a fluid called?

The correct answer is based on the definition of the processes related to heat transfer. Convection is the process by which heat is transferred through the movement of a fluid, which can be a liquid or gas. This movement occurs because the warmer portions of the fluid become less dense and rise, while cooler areas become denser and sink, creating a continuous circulation pattern. This is commonly seen in scenarios like boiling water or atmospheric phenomena.

In contrast, conduction involves the transfer of heat through a solid material without the movement of the material itself, while radiation describes the transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves. Consolidation does not pertain to heat transfer and instead relates to processes in geology or material science. Thus, convection is the only option that accurately defines the heat transfer involving fluid movement.