What is deductive reasoning?

Deductive reasoning is a logical process in which one starts with a general principle or statement and applies it to a specific case to reach a conclusion. This approach is often summarized as "general to specific." For example, if one knows that all humans are mortal (a general principle) and identifies that Socrates is a human, one can deduce that Socrates is mortal (a specific conclusion).

This method contrasts with inductive reasoning, which involves making generalizations based on specific observations. In the context of the choices presented, moving from generalized principles to specific conclusions precisely captures the essence of deductive reasoning, making it the correct answer.