In the context of numbers, what do real numbers encompass?

Real numbers encompass all values that can be found on the number line. This includes both rational numbers, which can be expressed as a fraction of two integers (like 1/2 or -3), and irrational numbers, which cannot be expressed as simple fractions (such as the square root of 2 or pi). By including all these types of numbers, real numbers provide a comprehensive system that allows for a full range of mathematical operations and applications.

This understanding is fundamental in various areas of mathematics and science, as many concepts rely on the properties of real numbers. The other choices narrow down the definition incorrectly—limiting it to only rational numbers, just whole numbers, or solely positive numbers excludes a significant portion of the number system that is vital for a complete understanding of real numbers.